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<title>Entebbe raid</title>

Entebbe raid

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Israeli counter-terrorist operation in 1976. For the military engagement of the Uganda–Tanzania War in 1979, see <a href="Battle_of_Entebbe" title="Battle of Entebbe">Battle of Entebbe</a>.</div>

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</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Thunderbolt</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> and the <a href="Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"> Israeli commandos with a <a href="Mercedes-Benz_600" title="Mercedes-Benz 600">Mercedes-Benz 600</a> resembling the one owned by Ugandan dictator <a href="Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>, used by <a href="Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a> to deceive Ugandan troops during the raid<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>3–4 July 1976 (1976-07-03 – 1976-07-04)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="Entebbe_International_Airport" title="Entebbe International Airport">Entebbe International Airport</a>, Uganda</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">

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</style><a class="external text" href="geo:0.04527777777777778,32.453611111111115">0°02′43″N 32°27′13″E / 0.04528°N 32.45361°E / 0.04528; 32.45361</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status">

Israeli victory<div><ul><li>102 of 106 hostages rescued<a href="#cite_note-MHS-2">[2]</a></li><li>~25% of Uganda's military aircraft destroyed<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">

<a href="Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> Supported by: <a href="Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">

<a href="Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_External_Operations" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations">PFLP–EO</a> <a href="Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">Revolutionary Cells</a> <a href="Second_Republic_of_Uganda" title="Second Republic of Uganda">Uganda</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <a href="Dan_Shomron" title="Dan Shomron">Dan Shomron</a></li><li> <a href="Yekutiel_Adam" title="Yekutiel Adam">Yekutiel Adam</a></li><li> <a href="Benny_Peled" title="Benny Peled">Benny Peled</a></li><li><a href="Israel" title="Israel"></a> <a href="Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a> <a href="Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">

<div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <a href="Wadie_Haddad" title="Wadie Haddad">Wadie Haddad</a></li><li> <a href="Wilfried_B%C3%B6se" title="Wilfried Böse">Wilfried Böse</a> <a href="Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li><li> <a href="Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">

<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 100 Israeli commandos (plus aerial crew and support personnel)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">

7 hijackers: 5 Palestinians, 2 Germans 100+ Ugandan soldiers</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">

1 killed (Y. Netanyahu) 5 wounded</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">

7 hijackers killed 45 soldiers killed<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><hr>11–30 Ugandan aircraft destroyed<a href="#cite_note-Brzoska,_Michael_1994_p._203-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;">

4 hostages killed (incl. <a href="Murder_of_Dora_Bloch" title="Murder of Dora Bloch">Dora Bloch</a>)<a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-7">[7]</a> 10 hostages wounded</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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</style><div id="Palestinian_insurgencyin_South_Lebanon2939" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Engagements

<ul><li><a href="El_Al_Flight_426_hijacking" class="mw-redirect" title="El Al Flight 426 hijacking">El Al Flight 426 hijacking</a></li>

<li><a href="El_Al_Flight_253_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="El Al Flight 253 attack">El Al Flight 253 attack</a>

<ul><li><a href="1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon">retaliation raid</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="El_Al_Flight_432_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="El Al Flight 432 attack">El Al Flight 432 attack</a></li>

<li><a href="TWA_Flight_840_hijacking" class="mw-redirect" title="TWA Flight 840 hijacking">TWA Flight 840 hijacking</a> (1969)</li>

<li><a href="Avivim_school_bus_bombing" title="Avivim school bus bombing">Avivim school bus bombing</a></li>

<li><a href="Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a></li>

<li><a href="Kiryat_Shmona_massacre" title="Kiryat Shmona massacre">Kiryat Shmona massacre</a></li>

<li><a href="Ma'alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a></li>

<li><a href="1974_Nahariya_attack" title="1974 Nahariya attack">1974 Nahariya attack</a></li>

<li><a href="Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a></li>

<li><a href="Kfar_Yuval_hostage_crisis" title="Kfar Yuval hostage crisis">Kfar Yuval hostage crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a></li>

<li><a href="1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">1978 South Lebanon conflict</a></li>

<li><a href="1979_Ma'alot_attack" title="1979 Ma'alot attack">1979 Ma'alot attack</a></li>

<li><a href="1979_Nahariya_attack" title="1979 Nahariya attack">1979 Nahariya attack</a></li>

<li><a href="Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Bombing_of_Lebanon_(June_1981)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Lebanon (June 1981)">1981 bombing of Lebanon</a></li>

<li><a href="1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Siege_of_Beirut" title="Siege of Beirut">siege of Beirut</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

International incidents

<ul><li><a href="Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre</a></li>

<li><a href="Israeli_Bangkok_Embassy_hostage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis">Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis</a>

<li><a href="Sabena_Flight_571_hijacking" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabena Flight 571 hijacking">Sabena Flight 571 hijacking</a></li>

<li><a href="Attack_on_the_Saudi_Embassy_in_Khartoum" title="Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum">Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum</a></li>

<li><a href="1973_Athens_Hellinikon_International_Airport_attack" title="1973 Athens Hellinikon International Airport attack">1973 Athens Hellinikon International Airport attack</a></li>

<li><a href="TWA_Flight_841_(1974)" title="TWA Flight 841 (1974)">TWA Flight 841 (1974)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pan_Am_Flight_110" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Am Flight 110">Pan Am Flight 110</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Entebbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Operation Entebbe</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div>

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</style><div class="locmap noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.507%;left:54.614%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="Benina_International_Airport" title="Benina International Airport">Benghazi</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.078%;left:70.482%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Tel Aviv</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.121%;left:70.415%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="Entebbe_International_Airport" title="Entebbe International Airport">Entebbe</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:2.097%;left:58.099%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Athens</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sites associated with Operation Entebbe</div></div></div>

The Entebbe raid, also known as the Operation Entebbe and officially <a href="Code_name" title="Code name">codenamed</a> Operation Thunderbolt (also retroactively codenamed Operation Yonatan), was a 1976 Israeli counter-terrorist mission in <a href="Second_Republic_of_Uganda" title="Second Republic of Uganda">Uganda</a>. It was launched in response to the hijacking of an international civilian passenger flight (an <a href="Airbus_A300" title="Airbus A300">Airbus A300</a>) operated by <a href="Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> between the cities of Tel Aviv and Paris. During a stopover in Athens, the aircraft was hijacked by two Palestinian <a href="Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_External_Operations" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations">PFLP–EO</a> and two German <a href="Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">RZ</a> members,<a href="#cite_note-Hartuv-8">[8]</a> who diverted the flight to <a href="History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Libya</a> and then to Uganda, where they landed at <a href="Entebbe_International_Airport" title="Entebbe International Airport">Entebbe International Airport</a> to be joined by other terrorists. Once in Uganda, the group enjoyed support from Ugandan dictator <a href="Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hostages_freed_as_israelis_raid_uganda_airport-9">[9]</a>

A week earlier, on 27 June, an <a href="Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> <a href="Airbus_A300" title="Airbus A300">Airbus A300</a> <a href="Jet_airliner" title="Jet airliner">jet airliner</a> with 248 passengers had been <a href="Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">hijacked</a> by two members of the <a href="Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_External_Operations" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations</a> (PFLP-EO) under orders of <a href="Wadie_Haddad" title="Wadie Haddad">Wadie Haddad</a> (who had earlier broken away from the <a href="Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a> of <a href="George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Hartuv-8">[8]</a> and two members of the German <a href="Revolutionary_Cells_(RZ)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Cells (RZ)">Revolutionary Cells</a>. The hijackers took hostages with the stated objective of compelling the release of 40 Palestinian and affiliated militants imprisoned in Israel as well as the release of 13 prisoners in four other countries.<a href="#cite_note-Keesing's-10">[10]</a> Over 100 Ugandan soldiers were deployed to support the hijackers after the flight landed, and Amin, who had been informed of the hijacking from the beginning,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> had personally welcomed the terrorists at Entebbe.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> After moving all of the hostages to a defunct airport, the hijackers separated all Israelis and several non-Israeli Jews from the larger group of passengers, subsequently moving them into a separate room.<a href="#cite_note-Freed_Hostages_Tell_Their_Story-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dunstan2011-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ensalaco2008-15">[15]</a> Over the next two days, 148 non-Israeli hostages were released and flown out to Paris.<a href="#cite_note-Dunstan2011-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ensalaco2008-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The 94 remaining passengers, most of whom were Israelis, and the 12-member Air France crew continued to be held as hostages.<a href="#cite_note-Scharfstein1994-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dunstan2009-18">[18]</a>

Representatives within the Israeli government initially debated over whether to concede or respond by force, as the hijackers had threatened to kill the 106 captives if the specified prisoners were not released. Acting on intelligence provided by <a href="Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a>, the decision was made to have the Israeli military undertake a rescue operation.<a href="#cite_note-Mossad_took_photos-19">[19]</a> The Israeli plans included preparation for an armed confrontation with Amin's <a href="Uganda_Army_(1971%E2%80%931980)" title="Uganda Army (1971–1980)">Uganda Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Back_to_Entebbe-20">[20]</a>

Initiating the operation at nightfall on 3 July 1976, Israeli transport planes flew 100 commandos over 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) to Uganda for the rescue effort. Over the course of 90 minutes, 102 of the hostages were rescued successfully, with three having been killed. One of the dead hostages, <a href="Murder_of_Dora_Bloch" title="Murder of Dora Bloch">Dora Bloch</a>, was murdered by Ugandan authorities at a hospital in <a href="Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a> shortly after the Israeli rescue operation; she had fallen ill during the hijacking and was removed from the plane for treatment prior to the commandos' arrival. The Israeli military suffered five wounded and one killed; <a href="Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a> was Israel's sole fatality of Operation Entebbe, and had led <a href="Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a> during the rescue effort – he was the older brother of <a href="Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, who would later become Israel's prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-The_Knesset_at_Sixty-21">[21]</a> The Israeli commandos killed all of the hijackers and 45 Ugandan soldiers, and 11 of Uganda's<a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-7">[7]</a> <a href="Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">MiG-17s</a> and <a href="Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG-21s</a> were destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-Brzoska,_Michael_1994_p._203-5">[5]</a> Over the course of the operation in Uganda, Israel received support from neighbouring <a href="Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>. <a href="Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>, the then President of Uganda, subsequently issued orders for the Ugandan army to kill all Kenyans living in Uganda,<a href="#cite_note-Ube-22">[22]</a> leading to the deaths of 245 Kenyan-Ugandans and the exodus of around 3000 Kenyans from Uganda.<a href="#cite_note-Keesing27891-23">[23]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hijacking">Hijacking</h2></div>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn org summary" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;">Air France Flight 139</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.3em;">F-BVGG, the <a href="Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> <a href="Airbus_A300" title="Airbus A300">Airbus A300</a> involved, in February 1976</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Hijacking</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">27 June 1976</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Summary</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Hijacking</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Site</th><td class="infobox-data flabel location" style="line-height:1.3em;">Greek airspace</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Aircraft</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Aircraft type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Airbus_A300" title="Airbus A300">Airbus A300B4-203</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">Registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">F-BVGG</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Flight origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Ben Gurion Int'l Airport</a>, Israel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Stopover</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Ellinikon_International_Airport" title="Ellinikon International Airport">Athens (Ellinikon) Int'l Airport</a>, Greece</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Destination</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Paris-Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport">Charles De Gaulle Int'l Airport</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Occupants</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">260</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Passengers</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">248</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">12</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Injuries</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">10</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Survivors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">256</td></tr></tbody></table>

On 27 June 1976, <a href="Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> Flight 139, an <a href="Airbus_A300" title="Airbus A300">Airbus A300B4-203</a> <a href="Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">registered</a> as F-BVGG with <a href="Serial_number" title="Serial number">serial number</a> 019, departed from <a href="Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel, carrying 246 mainly Jewish and <a href="Israelis" title="Israelis">Israeli</a> passengers and a crew of 12.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenkovitch-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-How_the_Rescue_Took_Place-25">[25]</a> The plane flew to Athens, Greece, where it picked up an additional 58 passengers, including four hijackers.<a href="#cite_note-General_Dan_Shomron-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-PassengerNote-27">[nb 1]</a> It departed for Paris at 12:30 pm. Just after takeoff, the flight was <a href="Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">hijacked</a> by two <a href="Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinians</a> from the <a href="Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_External_Operations" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations</a> (PFLP-EO), Jayel al-Arja and Fayez Abdul-Rahim al Jaber, and two Germans, <a href="Wilfried_B%C3%B6se" title="Wilfried Böse">Wilfried Böse</a> and <a href="Brigitte_Kuhlmann" title="Brigitte Kuhlmann">Brigitte Kuhlmann</a>, from the German <a href="Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">Revolutionary Cells</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Saul_Book-28">[27]</a> The hijackers diverted the flight to <a href="Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>, Libya.<a href="#cite_note-Entebbe's_unsung_hero.-29">[28]</a> There it was held on the ground for seven hours for refuelling. During that time the hijackers released British-born Israeli citizen Patricia Martell, who pretended to have a <a href="Miscarriage" title="Miscarriage">miscarriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mossad_took_photos-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Entebbe_Thirty_Years_On-30">[29]</a> The plane left Benghazi and at 3:15 pm on the 28 June, more than 24 hours after the flight's original departure, it arrived at <a href="Entebbe_International_Airport" title="Entebbe International Airport">Entebbe International Airport</a> in Uganda.<a href="#cite_note-Entebbe's_unsung_hero.-29">[28]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Situation_at_Uganda's_Entebbe_International_Airport">Situation at Uganda's Entebbe International Airport</h3></div>

At Entebbe, the four hijackers were joined by at least four others, supported by the forces of Uganda's president, <a href="Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-31">[30]</a> The hijackers transferred the passengers to the transit hall of the disused former airport terminal where they kept them under guard for the following days. Amin came to visit the hostages almost on a daily basis, updating them on developments and promising to use his efforts to have them freed through negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenkovitch-24">[24]</a>

On 28 June, a PFLP-EO hijacker issued a declaration and formulated their demands. In addition to a ransom of US$5 million for the release of the airplane, they demanded the release of 53 Palestinian and pro-Palestinian militants, 40 of whom were prisoners in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> They threatened that if these demands were not met, they would begin to kill hostages on 1 July 1976.<a href="#cite_note-Detailed_Story-33">[32]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separation_of_hostages">Separation of hostages</h3></div>

On 29 June, after Ugandan soldiers had opened an entrance to a room next to the crowded waiting hall by destroying a separating wall, the hijackers separated the Israelis (including those holding dual citizenship) from the other hostages<a href="#cite_note-SeparationNote-40">[nb 2]</a> and told them to move to the adjoining room.<a href="#cite_note-Ofer1976-35">[34]</a> As they did so, a <a href="The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> survivor showed hijacker Wilfried Böse a <a href="Identification_of_inmates_in_Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Identification of inmates in Nazi concentration camps">camp registration number tattooed</a> on his arm. Böse protested "I'm no Nazi! ... I am an idealist."<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> In addition, five non-Israeli hostages – two ultra-orthodox Jewish couples<a href="#cite_note-Rosenkovitch-24">[24]</a> from the US and Belgium<a href="#cite_note-Hartuv-8">[8]</a> and a French resident of Israel – were forced to join the Israeli group.<a href="#cite_note-Epstein-37">[36]</a> According to Monique Epstein Khalepski, the French hostage among the five, the captors had singled them out for questioning and suspected them of hiding their Israeli identities.<a href="#cite_note-Epstein-37">[36]</a> On the other hand, according to French hostage Michel Cojot-Goldberg, the captors failed to identify at least one Israeli among the passengers who was a military officer with dual citizenship then using his non-Israeli passport and he was later freed as part of the second release of non-Israeli hostages.<a href="#cite_note-Goldberg-39">[38]</a> US citizen Janet Almog, Frenchwoman Jocelyne Monier (whose husband or boyfriend was Israeli),<a href="#cite_note-New_York_Magazine-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> and French-Israeli dual citizen Jean-Jacques Mimouni, whose name had not been called up during the reading of the original passport-based list, reportedly joined the Israeli hostage group by their own choice.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Release_of_most_non-Israeli_hostages">Release of most non-Israeli hostages</h3></div>

On 30 June, the hijackers released 48 hostages. The released were picked from among the non-Israeli group – mainly elderly and sick passengers and mothers with children. Forty-seven of them were flown by a chartered Air France <a href="Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> out of Entebbe to Paris, and one passenger was treated in hospital for a day.<a href="#cite_note-Saul_Book-28">[27]</a> On 1 July, after the Israeli government had conveyed its agreement to negotiations, the hostage-takers extended their deadline to noon on 4 July and released another group of 100 non-Israeli captives who again were flown to Paris a few hours later. Among the 106 hostages staying behind with their captors at Entebbe airport were the 12 members of the Air France crew who refused to leave,<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> about ten young French passengers, and the Israeli group of some 84 people.<a href="#cite_note-MHS-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hostages_freed_as_israelis_raid_uganda_airport-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Entebbe's_unsung_hero.-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Entebbe_Rescue_Mission-46">[44]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Israeli_response">Israeli response</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomatic_efforts">Diplomatic efforts</h3></div>

In the week before the raid, Israel tried using political avenues to obtain the release of the hostages. Many sources indicate that the <a href="Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">Israeli cabinet</a> was prepared to release Palestinian prisoners if a military solution seemed unlikely to succeed. A retired IDF officer, Baruch "Burka" Bar-Lev, had known Idi Amin for many years and was considered to have a strong personal relationship with him. At the request of the cabinet, he spoke with Amin on the phone many times, trying to gain the release of the hostages, without success.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> The Israeli government also approached the United States government to deliver a message to Egyptian president <a href="Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a>, asking him to request that Amin release the hostages.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Prime minister <a href="Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> and defence minister <a href="Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> spent one week disagreeing on whether to give in to the hijackers' demands (Rabin's position) or not, to prevent more terrorism (Peres' position).<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_David-50">[48]</a>

At the 1 July deadline<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> the Israeli cabinet offered to negotiate with the hijackers to extend the deadline to 4 July. Amin also asked them to extend the deadline until that date. This meant he could take a diplomatic trip to <a href="Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a>, Mauritius, to officially hand over chairmanship of the <a href="Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> to <a href="Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam" title="Seewoosagur Ramgoolam">Seewoosagur Ramgoolam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> This extension of the hostage deadline proved crucial to providing Israeli forces enough time to get to Entebbe.<a href="#cite_note-General_Dan_Shomron-26">[26]</a>

On 3 July at 18:30, the Israeli cabinet approved a rescue mission,<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> presented by <a href="Aluf" title="Aluf">Major General</a> <a href="Yekutiel_Adam" title="Yekutiel Adam">Yekutiel Adam</a> and Brigadier General <a href="Dan_Shomron" title="Dan Shomron">Dan Shomron</a>. Shomron was appointed as the operation commander.<a href="#cite_note-ediary-54">[52]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egyptian–PLO_involvement_and_failure_of_diplomacy">Egyptian–PLO involvement and failure of diplomacy</h3></div>

As the crisis unfolded, attempts were made to negotiate the release of the hostages. According to declassified diplomatic documents, the Egyptian government under Sadat tried to negotiate with both the PLO and the Ugandan government.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> PLO chairman <a href="Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> sent his political aide <a href="Hani_al-Hassan" title="Hani al-Hassan">Hani al-Hassan</a> to Uganda as a special envoy to negotiate with the hostage takers and with Amin.<a href="#cite_note-Hartuv-8">[8]</a> However, the PFLP-EO hijackers refused to see him.<a href="#cite_note-NouvelObs-57">[55]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel's_military_preparations">Israel's military preparations</h3></div>

When Israeli authorities failed to negotiate a political solution, they decided that their only option was an attack to rescue the hostages. Lt. Col. Joshua Shani, lead pilot of the operation, later said that the Israelis had initially conceived of a rescue plan that involved dropping naval commandos into <a href="Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a>. The commandos would have ridden rubber boats to the airport on the edge of the lake. They planned to kill the hijackers and after freeing the hostages, they would ask Amin for passage home. The Israelis abandoned this plan because they lacked the necessary time and also because they had received word that Lake Victoria was inhabited by the <a href="Nile_crocodile" title="Nile crocodile">Nile crocodile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a>

Amnon Biran, the mission's intelligence officer, later stated that the proper layout of the airport was unknown, as was the exact location of the hostages and whether the building had been prepared with explosives.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_David-50">[48]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aircraft_refuelling">Aircraft refuelling</h4></div>

While planning the raid, the Israeli forces had to plan how to refuel the <a href="Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a> aircraft they intended to use while en route to Entebbe. The Israelis lacked the logistical capacity to <a href="Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">aerially refuel</a> four to six aircraft so far from Israeli airspace. While several East African nations, including the logistically preferred choice Kenya, were sympathetic, none wished to incur the wrath of Amin or the Palestinians by allowing the Israelis to land their aircraft within their borders.

The raid could not proceed without assistance from at least one East African government. The Israeli government secured permission from Kenya for the IDF task force to cross Kenyan airspace and refuel at what is today <a href="Jomo_Kenyatta_International_Airport" title="Jomo Kenyatta International Airport">Jomo Kenyatta International Airport</a>. Kenyan <a href="Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Kenya)">Minister of Agriculture</a> <a href="Bruce_Mackenzie_(British_intelligence_operative)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Mackenzie (British intelligence operative)">Bruce MacKenzie</a> persuaded Kenyan President <a href="Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a> to permit Mossad to collect intelligence prior to the operation, and to allow the <a href="Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> access to the Nairobi airport.<a href="#cite_note-jpost1-59">[57]</a> MacKenzie's support for the operation came after <a href="Sir_Maurice_Oldfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Maurice Oldfield">Sir Maurice Oldfield</a>, the then head of <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain's</a> <a href="MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a> intelligence agency, put his contacts in Mossad in touch with MacKenzie, who had been an MI6 contact for some time.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> The Jewish owner of the Block hotels chain in Kenya, along with other members of the Jewish and Israeli community in <a href="Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, may also have used their political and economic influence to help persuade Kenya's President Jomo Kenyatta to help Israel.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a>

Uganda's ambassador to <a href="Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, <a href="Isaac_Lumago" title="Isaac Lumago">Isaac Lumago</a>,<a href="#cite_note-eichner-62">[60]</a> overheard some of the details of the operation from <a href="Kenya_Air_Force" title="Kenya Air Force">Kenya Air Force</a> officers who were discussing the possibility of Israeli compensation for the assistance and forwarded the information to Ugandan commander <a href="Isaac_Maliyamungu" title="Isaac Maliyamungu">Isaac Maliyamungu</a>. Maliyamungu did not alert Amin or take any action on the intelligence,<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> allegedly dismissing the report as "gasiya" (rubbish).<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> According to Amin's son, Jaffar Remo, the Ugandan president still managed to receive Lumago's warning via telephone and, after completing his responsibilities at the OAU meeting, boarded a plane and flew back to Uganda.<a href="#cite_note-eichner-62">[60]</a> An ex-agent of Uganda's intelligence service, the <a href="State_Research_Bureau_(organisation)" title="State Research Bureau (organisation)">State Research Bureau</a>, also claimed that Amin was informed by Lumago of the imminent raid. The agent stated that Amin was terrified of possible reprisals in case his troops actually fought the Israeli military, allegedly resulting in his ordering that the <a href="Uganda_Army_(1971%E2%80%931980)" title="Uganda Army (1971–1980)">Uganda Army</a> should not open fire on Israeli aircraft during a possible raid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeftel2010216-65">[63]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mossad_intelligence">Mossad intelligence</h4></div>

Mossad built an accurate picture of the whereabouts of the hostages, the number of hijackers, and the involvement of Ugandan troops, based on information from the released hostages in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-TimeMagazine-66">[64]</a> Further, Israeli firms had been involved in construction projects in Africa during the 1960s and 1970s: while preparing the raid, the Israeli army consulted with <a href="Solel_Boneh" title="Solel Boneh">Solel Boneh</a>, a large Israeli construction firm that had built the terminal where the hostages were held.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> While planning the military operation, the IDF erected a partial replica of the airport terminal with the assistance of civilians who had helped build the original.

IDF major <a href="Muki_Betser" title="Muki Betser">Muki Betser</a> later remarked in an interview that Mossad operatives extensively interviewed the hostages who had been released. He said that a French-Jewish passenger who had a military background and "a phenomenal memory" had provided detailed information about the number of weapons carried by the hostage-takers.<a href="#cite_note-betzer-68">[66]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Task_force">Task force</h4></div>

The Israeli ground task force numbered approximately 100 personnel, and comprised the following elements:<a href="#cite_note-ediary-54">[52]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ground_command_and_control">Ground command and control</h5></div>

<dl><dd>This small group comprised the operation and overall ground commander, <a href="Dan_Shomron" title="Dan Shomron">Brigadier General Dan Shomron</a>, the air force representative Colonel Ami Ayalon and the communications and support personnel.</dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Assault">Assault</h5></div>

<dl><dd>A 29-person assault unit led by Lt. Col. <a href="Yonatan_Netanyahu" title="Yonatan Netanyahu">Yonatan Netanyahu</a> – this force was composed entirely of commandos from <a href="Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a>, and was given the primary task of assaulting the old terminal and rescuing the hostages. Major Betser led one of the element's assault teams, and took command after Lt. Col. Netanyahu was killed.</dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Securers">Securers</h5></div>

<ol><li>The <a href="Paratroopers_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Paratroopers Brigade">Paratroopers</a> force led by <a href="Matan_Vilnai" title="Matan Vilnai">Col. Matan Vilnai</a> – tasked with securing the civilian airport field, clearing and securing the runways, and protection and fuelling of the Israeli aircraft in Entebbe.</li>

<li>The <a href="Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani</a> force led by <a href="Uri_Sagi" title="Uri Sagi">Col. Uri Sagi</a> – tasked with securing the C-130 Hercules aircraft for the hostages' evacuation, getting it as close as possible to the terminal and boarding the hostages; also with acting as general reserves.</li>

<li>The <a href="Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a> force led by <a href="Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Major Shaul Mofaz</a> – tasked with clearing the military airstrip, and destroying the squadron of <a href="MiG" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG">MiG</a> fighter jets on the ground, to prevent any possible interceptions by the <a href="Ugandan_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandan Air Force">Uganda Army Air Force</a>; also with holding off hostile <a href="Ground_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground forces">ground forces</a> from the city of Entebbe.</li></ol>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack_route">Attack route</h3></div>

Taking off from <a href="Sharm_el-Sheikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharm el-Sheikh">Sharm el-Sheikh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> the task force flew along the international flight path over the <a href="Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, mostly flying at a height of no more than 30 m (100 ft) to avoid radar detection by Egyptian, Sudanese, and Saudi Arabian forces. Near the south outlet of the Red Sea the C-130s turned south and crossed into Ethiopian territory, passing west of <a href="Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>. From there, they went to a point northeast of Nairobi, Kenya. They turned west, passing through the <a href="East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">African Rift Valley</a> and over <a href="Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ninety_Minutes_at_Entebbe-71">[69]</a>

Two <a href="Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> jets followed the cargo planes. The first Boeing contained medical facilities and landed at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, Kenya. The commander of the operation, General Yekutiel Adam, was on board the second Boeing, which circled over Entebbe Airport during the raid.<a href="#cite_note-ediary-54">[52]</a>

The Israeli forces landed at Entebbe on 3 July at 23:00 <a href="Israel_Standard_Time" title="Israel Standard Time">IST</a>, with their <a href="Cargo_bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo bay">cargo bay</a> doors already open. Because the proper layout of the airport was not known, the first plane almost taxied into a ditch.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_David-50">[48]</a> A black <a href="Mercedes-Benz_600" title="Mercedes-Benz 600">Mercedes</a> car that looked like President Idi Amin's vehicle and Land Rovers that usually accompanied Amin's Mercedes were brought along. The Israelis hoped they could use them to bypass security checkpoints. When the C-130s landed, Israeli assault team members drove the vehicles to the terminal building in the same fashion as Amin.<a href="#cite_note-Back_to_Entebbe-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Larry_Domnitch-72">[70]</a> As they approached the terminal, two Ugandan sentries, aware that Idi Amin had recently purchased a white Mercedes, ordered the vehicles to stop.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> The first commandos shot the sentries using silenced pistols.<a href="#cite_note-Back_to_Entebbe-20">[20]</a> This was against the plan and against the orders – the Ugandans were to be ignored, as they were believed not to be likely to open fire at this stage.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_David-50">[48]</a> An Israeli commando in one of the following Land Rovers opened fire with an unsuppressed rifle.<a href="#cite_note-Back_to_Entebbe-20">[20]</a> Fearing the hijackers would be alerted prematurely, the assault team quickly approached the terminal.<a href="#cite_note-Larry_Domnitch-72">[70]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hostage_rescue">Hostage rescue</h3></div>

The Israelis left their vehicles and ran towards the terminal. The hostages were in the main hall of the airport building, directly adjacent to the runway. Entering the terminal, the commandos shouted through a megaphone, "Stay down! Stay down! We are Israeli soldiers," in both <a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and English. Jean-Jacques Maimoni, a 19-year-old French immigrant to Israel, stood up and was killed when Muki Betser and another soldier mistook him for a hijacker and fired at him.<a href="#cite_note-Entebbe's_unsung_hero.-29">[28]</a> Another hostage, Pasco Cohen, 52, was also fatally wounded by gunfire from the commandos.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> In addition, a third hostage, 56-year-old Ida Borochovitch, a Russian Jew who had <a href="Aliyah" title="Aliyah">emigrated to Israel</a>, was killed by a hijacker in the crossfire.<a href="#cite_note-Bacos,_2016-75">[73]</a>

According to hostage Ilan Hartuv, Wilfried Böse was the only hijacker who, after the operation began, entered the hall housing the hostages. At first he pointed his <a href="AK-47" title="AK-47">Kalashnikov</a> rifle at hostages, but "immediately came to his senses" and ordered them to find shelter in the restroom, before being killed by the commandos. According to Hartuv, Böse fired only at Israeli soldiers and not at hostages.<a href="#cite_note-Hartuv-8">[8]</a>

At one point an Israeli commando called out in Hebrew, "Where are the rest of them?" referring to the hijackers.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> The hostages pointed to a connecting door of the airport's main hall, into which the commandos threw several <a href="Hand_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand grenade">hand grenades</a>. They then entered the room and shot dead the three remaining hijackers, ending the assault.<a href="#cite_note-General_Dan_Shomron-26">[26]</a> Meanwhile, the other three C-130 Hercules aeroplanes had landed and unloaded <a href="Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armoured personnel carriers</a> to provide defence during the anticipated hour of refuelling. The Israelis then destroyed Ugandan MiG fighter planes to prevent them from pursuing, and conducted a sweep of the airfield to gather intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-General_Dan_Shomron-26">[26]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departure">Departure</h3></div>

After the raid, the Israeli assault team returned to their aircraft and began loading the hostages. Ugandan soldiers shot at them in the process. The Israeli commandos returned fire, inflicting casualties on the Ugandans. During this brief but intense firefight, Ugandan soldiers fired from the <a href="Control_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Control tower">airport control tower</a>. At least five commandos were wounded, and the Israeli unit commander, Yonatan Netanyahu, was killed. Israeli commandos fired light machine guns and a <a href="Rocket-propelled_grenade" title="Rocket-propelled grenade">rocket-propelled grenade</a> back at the control tower, suppressing the Ugandans' fire. According to one of Idi Amin's sons, the soldier who shot Netanyahu, a cousin of the Amin family, was killed by return fire.<a href="#cite_note-eichner-62">[60]</a> The Israelis finished evacuating the hostages, loaded Netanyahu's body into one of the planes, and left the airport.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> The entire operation lasted 53 minutes – of which the assault lasted only 30 minutes. All seven hijackers present, and 45 Ugandan soldiers, were killed.<a href="#cite_note-General_Dan_Shomron-26">[26]</a> Eleven<a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-7">[7]</a> Soviet-built <a href="Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">MiG-17</a> and <a href="Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG-21</a> fighter planes of the Uganda Army Air Force were destroyed on the ground at Entebbe Airport.<a href="#cite_note-Brzoska,_Michael_1994_p._203-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-31">[30]</a> Out of the 106 hostages, 3 were killed, 1 was left in Uganda (74-year-old <a href="Murder_of_Dora_Bloch" title="Murder of Dora Bloch">Dora Bloch</a>), and approximately 10 were wounded. The 102 rescued hostages were flown to Israel via Nairobi, Kenya, shortly after the raid.<a href="#cite_note-The_Knesset_at_Sixty-21">[21]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ugandan_reaction">Ugandan reaction</h3></div>

Amin was furious upon learning of the raid, and reportedly boasted that he could have taught the Israelis a lesson if he had known that they would strike.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeftel2010216-65">[63]</a> Following the raid, Maliyamungu had 14 soldiers arrested under suspicion of collaborating with the Israelis. Once they were gathered in a room at Makindye Barracks, he shot 12 of them with his pistol.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> Uganda Army Chief of Staff <a href="Mustafa_Adrisi" title="Mustafa Adrisi">Mustafa Adrisi</a> reportedly wanted to incarcerate or execute <a href="Godwin_Sule" title="Godwin Sule">Godwin Sule</a>, the Entebbe Air Base commander, who was absent from his post during the raid. Sule had left the air base early that day to meet a female companion at Lake Victoria Hotel on 4 July. Despite Adrisi's demands, Sule's closeness to President Amin guaranteed his safety.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERwehururu200276-79">[77]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Murder_of_Dora_Bloch">Murder of Dora Bloch</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Murder_of_Dora_Bloch" title="Murder of Dora Bloch">Murder of Dora Bloch</a></div>

Dora Bloch, a 74-year-old Israeli who also held British citizenship, was taken to <a href="Mulago_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulago Hospital">Mulago Hospital</a> in <a href="Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a> after choking on a chicken bone.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> After the raid she was murdered by officers of the Uganda Army, as were some of her doctors and nurses, apparently for trying to intervene.<a href="#cite_note-Entebbe's_unsung_hero.-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-highcommission-82">[nb 3]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> In April 1987, <a href="Henry_Kyemba" title="Henry Kyemba">Henry Kyemba</a>, Uganda's <a href="Attorney_general" title="Attorney general">Attorney general</a> and <a href="Justice_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice ministry">Minister of Justice</a> at the time, told the <a href="Uganda_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Uganda Human Rights Commission">Uganda Human Rights Commission</a> that Bloch had been dragged from her hospital bed and killed by two army officers on Amin's orders.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> Bloch was shot and her body was dumped in the trunk of a car that had Ugandan intelligence services number plates. Her remains were recovered near a sugar plantation 20 miles (32 km) east of Kampala in 1979,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-85">[82]</a> after the <a href="Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a> ended Amin's rule.<a href="#cite_note-Idi_Amin's_hijack_victim-81">[79]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Idi_Amin's_anti-Kenyan_crackdown">Idi Amin's anti-Kenyan crackdown</h4></div>

Amin also ordered the killing of hundreds of Kenyans living in Uganda in retaliation for Kenya's assistance to Israel in the raid. Uganda killed 245 Kenyans, including airport staff at Entebbe. To avoid massacre, approximately 3000 Kenyans fled Uganda as refugees.<a href="#cite_note-Keesing27891-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCOn-86">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a>

On 24 May 1978, Kenya's former agriculture minister, <a href="Bruce_MacKenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce MacKenzie">Bruce MacKenzie</a>, was killed when a bomb attached to his aircraft exploded as MacKenzie departed a meeting with Amin. Some have asserted that Ugandan president Idi Amin ordered Ugandan agents to assassinate MacKenzie in retaliation for Kenya's involvement and MacKenzie's actions prior to the raid.<a href="#cite_note-jpost1-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-standardmedia1-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> Others have indicated various other possible causes for the bombing, including that another person aboard the plane may have been the target.<a href="#cite_note-mosaad_mckenzie_2019_05_26_thecitizen_co_tz-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kenyan_digest-92">[89]</a> Later, Mossad Chief Director <a href="Meir_Amit" title="Meir Amit">Meir Amit</a> had a forest planted in Israel in MacKenzie's name.<a href="#cite_note-jpost1-59">[57]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath_and_reactions">Aftermath and reactions</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3></div>

The <a href="United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> convened on 9 July 1976, to consider a complaint from the Chairman of the Organization of African Unity charging Israel with an "act of aggression".<a href="#cite_note-SC1939-93">[90]</a> The Council allowed Israel's ambassador to the United Nations, <a href="Chaim_Herzog" title="Chaim Herzog">Chaim Herzog</a>, and Uganda's foreign minister, <a href="Juma_Oris" title="Juma Oris">Juma Oris Abdalla</a>, to participate without voting rights.<a href="#cite_note-SC1939-93">[90]</a> UN Secretary General <a href="Kurt_Waldheim" title="Kurt Waldheim">Kurt Waldheim</a> told the Security Council that the raid was "a serious violation of the sovereignty of a Member State of the United Nations" though he was "fully aware that this is not the only element involved ... when the world community is now required to deal with unprecedented problems arising from international terrorism."<a href="#cite_note-SC1939-93">[90]</a> Abdalla, the representative of Uganda, alleged that the affair was close to a peaceful resolution when Israel intervened while Herzog, the representative of Israel, accused Uganda of direct complicity in the hijacking.<a href="#cite_note-SC1939-93">[90]</a> The US and UK sponsored a resolution which condemned hijacking and similar acts, deplored the loss of life arising from the hijacking (without condemning either Israel or Uganda), reaffirmed the need to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, and called on the international community to enhance the safety of civil aviation.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> However, the resolution failed to receive the required number of affirmative votes because two voting members abstained and seven were absent.<a href="#cite_note-SC1943-95">[92]</a> A second resolution sponsored by Benin, Libya and Tanzania, that condemned Israel, was not put to a vote.<a href="#cite_note-SC1943-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Bloc">Western Bloc</h3></div>

Western nations spoke in support of the raid. West Germany called the raid "an act of self-defence". Switzerland and France praised the operation. Representatives of the United Kingdom and United States offered significant praise, calling the Entebbe raid "an impossible operation". Some in the United States noted that the hostages were freed on 4 July 1976, 200 years after the signing of the <a href="United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> In private conversation with Israeli Ambassador Dinitz, <a href="Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> sounded criticism for Israeli use of US equipment during the operation, but that criticism was not made public at the time.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> In mid-July 1976, the supercarrier <a href="USS_Ranger_(CV-61)" title="USS Ranger (CV-61)">USS Ranger</a> and her escorts entered the Indian Ocean and operated off the Kenyan coast in response to a threat of military action by forces from Uganda.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a>

The hijacked aircraft's pilot, Captain <a href="Michel_Bacos" title="Michel Bacos">Michel Bacos</a>, was awarded the <a href="Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a>, and the other crew members were awarded the <a href="National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">French Order of Merit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-flight-102">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a>

In the ensuing years, Betser and the Netanyahu brothers – <a href="Iddo_Netanyahu" title="Iddo Netanyahu">Iddo</a> and <a href="Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin</a>, all Sayeret Matkal veterans – argued in increasingly public forums about who was to blame for the unexpected early firefight that caused Yonatan's death and partial loss of tactical surprise.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a>

As a result of the operation, the United States military developed rescue teams modelled on the unit employed in the Entebbe rescue.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> One notable attempt was <a href="Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">Operation Eagle Claw</a>, a failed 1980 rescue of 53 American embassy personnel held hostage in Tehran during the <a href="Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a>

In a letter dated 13 July 1976, the Supreme Commander's Staff of the <a href="Military_history_of_Iran#Pahlavi_Era_(1925_to_1979)" title="Military history of Iran">Imperial Iranian Armed Forces</a> praised the Israeli commandos for the mission and extended condolences for "the loss and martyrdom" of Netanyahu.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a>

F-BVGG, the aircraft in the hijacking of Air France Flight 139, was repaired and returned to service with Air France.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> In April 1996, the aircraft was leased to <a href="Vietnam_Airlines" title="Vietnam Airlines">Vietnam Airlines</a> for three months. In December the same year, the aircraft was converted into a freighter and was delivered to S–C Aviation, having been re-registered as N742SC. In 1998, the aircraft was delivered to <a href="MNG_Airlines" title="MNG Airlines">MNG Airlines</a> and re-registered as TC-MNA. In 2009, the aircraft was placed into storage at Istanbul Atatürk Airport and was scrapped in 2020.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_bombing_of_Kenya's_Norfolk_Hotel_in_Nairobi">Palestinian bombing of Kenya's Norfolk Hotel in Nairobi</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="1980_Nairobi_hotel_bombing" title="1980 Nairobi hotel bombing">1980 Nairobi hotel bombing</a></div>

<a href="Fairmont_The_Norfolk_Hotel" title="Fairmont The Norfolk Hotel">The Norfolk Hotel</a> in Nairobi, owned by a prominent member of the <a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Kenya" title="History of the Jews in Kenya">local Jewish community</a>, was bombed on 31 December 1980. The bomb flattened the hotel, killing 20 people, of several nationalities, and injuring 87 more. It was believed to be an act of revenge by pro-Palestinian militants for Kenya's supporting role in Operation Entebbe.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemorations">Commemorations</h2></div>

In August 2012, Uganda and Israel commemorated the raid at a somber ceremony at the base of the tower at the old terminal, where Yonatan Netanyahu was killed. Uganda and Israel renewed their commitment to "fight terrorism and to work towards humanity".<a href="#cite_note-Uganda_Israel_2012-116">[113]</a> In addition, wreaths were laid, a moment of silence was held, speeches were given, and a poem was recited. The flags of Uganda and Israel were flown side by side, symbolising the two countries' strong bilateral relations, next to a plaque bearing a history of the raid. The ceremony was attended by Ugandan State Minister for Animal Industry <a href="Bright_Rwamirama" title="Bright Rwamirama">Bright Rwamirama</a> and the deputy <a href="Foreign_Affairs_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel">Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel</a> <a href="Daniel_Ayalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Ayalon">Daniel Ayalon</a>, who laid wreaths at the site.<a href="#cite_note-Uganda_Israel_2012-116">[113]</a> Forty years to the day after the rescue operation, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, brother of slain Israeli commando Yonatan Netanyahu, visited Entebbe with an Israeli delegation, and laid the groundwork for further Israeli–sub-Saharan African bilateral relations.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h3></div>

<ul><li>Operation Thunderbolt: Entebbe, a documentary about the hijacking and the subsequent rescue mission.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a></li>

<li><a href="Rise_and_Fall_of_Idi_Amin" title="Rise and Fall of Idi Amin">Rise and Fall of Idi Amin</a> (1980), a biographical film of the Ugandan dictator briefly features the raid, with an unusual depiction of Amin displaying cowardice when he learns of it.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a></li>

<li>Rescue at Entebbe, Episode 12 of 2005 documentary series Against All Odds: Israel Survives by Michael Greenspan.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a></li>

<li><a href="Cohen_on_the_Bridge" title="Cohen on the Bridge">Cohen on the Bridge</a> (2010), a documentary by director Andrew Wainrib, who gained access to the surviving commandos and hostages.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a></li>

<li>Live or Die in Entebbe (2012) by director <a href="Eyal_Boers" title="Eyal Boers">Eyal Boers</a> follows Yonatan Khayat's journey to uncover the circumstances of his uncle Jean-Jacques Maimoni's death in the raid.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a></li>

<li>"Assault on Entebbe", an episode of the <a href="National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a> documentary <a href="Critical_Situation" title="Critical Situation">Critical Situation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a></li>

<li>Operation Thunderbolt, the fifth episode in the 2012 <a href="Military_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Channel">Military Channel</a> documentary series Black Ops.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dramatizations">Dramatizations</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Victory_at_Entebbe" title="Victory at Entebbe">Victory at Entebbe</a> (1976): with <a href="Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a>, <a href="Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a>, <a href="Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> and <a href="Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a>, Director: <a href="Marvin_J._Chomsky" title="Marvin J. Chomsky">Marvin J. Chomsky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TimesOfIsrael-125">[122]</a></li>

<li><a href="Raid_on_Entebbe_(film)" title="Raid on Entebbe (film)">Raid on Entebbe</a> (1977): with <a href="Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a>, <a href="Horst_Buchholz" title="Horst Buchholz">Horst Buchholz</a>, <a href="Charles_Bronson" title="Charles Bronson">Charles Bronson</a>, <a href="John_Saxon" title="John Saxon">John Saxon</a>, <a href="Yaphet_Kotto" title="Yaphet Kotto">Yaphet Kotto</a>, and <a href="James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a>, Director: <a href="Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a>, Producer: <a href="Edgar_J._Scherick" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar J. Scherick">Edgar J. Scherick</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TimesOfIsrael-125">[122]</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Thunderbolt_(film)" title="Operation Thunderbolt (film)">Operation Thunderbolt</a> (1977): with <a href="Yehoram_Gaon" title="Yehoram Gaon">Yehoram Gaon</a> played Col. Netanyahu, <a href="Sybil_Danning" title="Sybil Danning">Sybil Danning</a> and <a href="Klaus_Kinski" title="Klaus Kinski">Klaus Kinski</a> played the hijackers. Director: <a href="Menahem_Golan" title="Menahem Golan">Menahem Golan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TimesOfIsrael-125">[122]</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Last_King_of_Scotland_(film)" title="The Last King of Scotland (film)">The Last King of Scotland</a> (2006): The raid occurs as one episode in a longer story about Idi Amin.<a href="#cite_note-TimesOfIsrael-125">[122]</a></li>

<li><a href="Entebbe_(film)" title="Entebbe (film)">Entebbe</a> (2018): Director: <a href="Jos%C3%A9_Padilha" title="José Padilha">José Padilha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TimesOfIsrael-125">[122]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films_inspired_by_Operation_Entebbe">Films inspired by Operation Entebbe</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="The_Delta_Force" title="The Delta Force">The Delta Force</a> (1986) which featured a hostage rescue operation inspired by Operation Entebbe.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a></li>

<li><a href="Zameen_(2003_film)" title="Zameen (2003 film)">Zameen</a> (2003) is a <a href="Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> movie starring <a href="Ajay_Devgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajay Devgan">Ajay Devgan</a> and <a href="Abhishek_Bachchan" title="Abhishek Bachchan">Abhishek Bachchan</a> who draw a plan to rescue hostages of an Indian airliner hijacked by Pakistani militants on the basis of Operation Entebbe.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_media">Other media</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Thunderbolt_(video_game)" title="Operation Thunderbolt (video game)">Operation Thunderbolt</a>, a 1988 <a href="Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</a>, loosely based on Operation Entebbe, but using a fictional location.<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a></li>

<li><a href="To_Pay_the_Price" title="To Pay the Price">To Pay the Price</a>, a 2009 play by <a href="Peter-Adrian_Cohen" title="Peter-Adrian Cohen">Peter-Adrian Cohen</a> based in part on Yonatan Netanyahu's letters.<a href="#cite_note-theatreor.com-129">[126]</a> The play, produced by <a href="North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>'s Theatre Or opened off-off Broadway in New York in June 2009 during the <a href="Association_for_Jewish_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Association for Jewish Theatre">Festival of Jewish Theater and Ideas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">The old control tower as seen from the front</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Close up of the control tower</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">The old terminal building as it appeared in 2009</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Wall plaque on display at the old terminal building</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">The old terminal building of the Entebbe International Airport as seen from the air</div>

</li>

</ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Air_France_Flight_8969" title="Air France Flight 8969">Air France Flight 8969</a> – a similar hijacking and raid on another Air France airliner in 1994</li>

<li><a href="Aspen_Movie_Map" title="Aspen Movie Map">Aspen Movie Map</a> – a project whose funding came about because of Operation Entebbe</li>

<li><a href="Israeli_casualties_of_war" title="Israeli casualties of war">Israeli casualties of war</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_hostage_crises" title="List of hostage crises">List of hostage crises</a></li>

<li><a href="Lufthansa_Flight_181" title="Lufthansa Flight 181">Lufthansa Flight 181</a> – a similar event the following year, involving a German airliner</li>

<li><a href="Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)</a> (Aman) – Israel's military intelligence agency</li>

<li><a href="Operation_Gift" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Gift">Operation Gift</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera">Operation Opera</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Outside_the_Box" title="Operation Outside the Box">Operation Outside the Box</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">Operation Wooden Leg</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Mikado" title="Operation Mikado">Operation Mikado</a> – a proposed SAS operation during the <a href="Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> inspired by Operation Entebbe</li>

<li><a href="Operation_Niki" title="Operation Niki">Operation Niki</a> – a clandestine airlift of a battalion of Greek commandos from Crete to Cyprus in 1974</li>

<li><a href="Sayeret" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayeret">Sayeret</a> – Israeli Special Forces Units</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-PassengerNote-27"><a href="#cite_ref-PassengerNote_27-0">^</a> Sources state varying numbers of passengers, between 228 and 246; the higher figure is taken from The New York Times.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-SeparationNote-40"><a href="#cite_ref-SeparationNote_40-0">^</a> Claims by various authors that the separation was made between Jews and non-Jews<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> are in conflict with eyewitness accounts<a href="#cite_note-Freed_Hostages_Tell_Their_Story-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ofer1976-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moufflet-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Epstein-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> and later they were expressly disclaimed by several former hostages as a "myth" or a manipulation by "sensation-hungry journalists and film-makers."<a href="#cite_note-Hartuv-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rosenkovitch-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg-39">[38]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-highcommission-82"><a href="#cite_ref-highcommission_82-0">^</a> Now confidential cabinet papers released under the Freedom of Information Act show that the British High Commission in Kampala received a report from a Ugandan civilian that Mrs Bloch had been shot and her body dumped in the boot of a car which had Ugandan intelligence services number plates.<a href="#cite_note-Idi_Amin's_hijack_victim-81">[79]</a>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/4/newsid_2786000/2786967.stm">1976: Israelis rescue Entebbe hostages</a>, <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>

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<li id="cite_note-Brzoska,_Michael_1994_p._203-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brzoska,_Michael_1994_p._203_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brzoska,_Michael_1994_p._203_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brzoska,_Michael_1994_p._203_5-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFBrzoskaPearson1994" class="citation book cs1">Brzoska, Michael; Pearson, Frederic S. (1994). Arms and warfare: escalation, de-escalation, and negotiation. Studies in international relations. Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-87249-982-9</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-britannica.com-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_6-1">b</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/188804/Entebbe-raid">"Entebbe raid"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 26 June 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_7-2">c</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/4/newsid_2786000/2786967.stm">"BBC on This Day – 4 – 1976: Israelis rescue Entebbe hostages"</a>. BBC News.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Hartuv-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hartuv_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartuv_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartuv_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartuv_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartuv_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartuv_8-5">f</a> <cite id="CITEREFMelman2011" class="citation news cs1">Melman, Yossi (8 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/setting-the-record-straight-entebbe-was-not-auschwitz-1.372131">"Setting the record straight: Entebbe was not Auschwitz"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105002656/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/setting-the-record-straight-entebbe-was-not-auschwitz-1.372131">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Keesing's-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Keesing's_10-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1377-1976-08-KS-a-RCW.pdf">"Hijacking of Air France Airbus by Followers of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Israeli Action to liberate Hostages held at Entebbe Airport ..."</a> (PDF). Keesing's Record of World Events. 22: 27888. August 1976. Retrieved 23 September 2014.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFurst2016" class="citation news cs1">Furst, Alan (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/books/review/operation-thunderbolt-by-saul-david.html">"'Operation Thunderbolt,' by Saul David"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Scharfstein1994-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Scharfstein1994_17-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFScharfstein1994" class="citation book cs1">Scharfstein, Sol (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingisr0000scha">Understanding Israel</a>. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingisr0000scha/page/118">118</a>–. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-88125-428-0</bdi>. Retrieved 5 July 2012.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lajfilmfest.org/2012-selections/">"2012 Film Selections"</a>. Los Angeles Jewish Film Festival.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csab-m6QuZk">Operation Entebbe – 'Live or Die in Entebbe' Trailer</a>. YouTube. 3 December 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natgeotv.com/za/shows/natgeo/situation-critical">"Situation Critical"</a>. National Geographic TV.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Operation-Thunderbolt/dp/B00A6LH9GQ">"Amazon.com: Black OPS Season 1: Amazon Digital Services LLC"</a>. Amazon.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-TimesOfIsrael-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TimesOfIsrael_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TimesOfIsrael_125-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TimesOfIsrael_125-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TimesOfIsrael_125-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TimesOfIsrael_125-4">e</a> <cite id="CITEREFHoffman2018" class="citation news cs1">Hoffman, Jordan (2 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-entebbe-hijacked-by-heavy-handed-political-correctness/">"New 'Entebbe' hijacked by heavy-handed political correctness"</a>. <a href="Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRomirowsky2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Asaf_Romirowsky" title="Asaf Romirowsky">Romirowsky, Asaf</a> (6 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/entebbe-raid-35-years-later-asaf-romirowsky/">"The Entebbe Raid, 35 Years Later"</a>. <a href="National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130218103044/http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/271208/entebbe-raid-35-years-later-asaf-romirowsky">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2012.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFChaudhuri2014" class="citation book cs1">Chaudhuri, Diptakirti (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gq-CBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT261">"Taking Flight: 10 Aircraft and Photos"</a>. Bollybook: The Big Book of Hindi Movie Trivia. Penguin UK. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-93-5118-799-8</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giantbomb.com/operation-thunderbolt/3030-14088/">"Operation Thunderbolt (Game)"</a>. Giant Bomb.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-theatreor.com-129"><a href="#cite_ref-theatreor.com_129-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCohen" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Peter-Adrian_Cohen" title="Peter-Adrian Cohen">Cohen, Peter-Adrian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatreor.com/">"theatreor.com presents A WORLD PREMIERE from an Israeli Perspective"</a>. Retrieved 5 July 2009.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://broadwayworld.com/article/Untitled_Theater_Co_61s_Fest_Of_Jewish_Theater_Ideas_Runs_520614_In_NYC_20090520">"Untitled Theater Co #61's Fest of Jewish Theater & Ideas Runs"</a>. 20 May 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2009.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAvner2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Yehuda_Avner" title="Yehuda Avner">Avner, Yehuda</a> (2010). "26, Entebbe: Flight 139". The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership. The Toby Press. pp. 303–318. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-59264-278-6</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBlumenau2014" class="citation book cs1">Blumenau, Bernhard (2014). "2, 'The German silence': the Entebbe hijacking of 1976". The United Nations and Terrorism. Germany, Multilateralism, and Antiterrorism Efforts in the 1970s. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 59–73. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-137-39196-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBetserRobert_Rosenberg1996" class="citation book cs1">Betser, Muki; Robert Rosenberg (1996). Secret Soldier. Sydney: Simon & Schuster. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-671-85233-7</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDavid2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Saul_David" title="Saul David">David, Saul</a> (2015). Operation Thunderbolt: Flight 139 and the Raid on Entebbe Airport. London: <a href="Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-44476-251-8</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDunstan2009" class="citation book cs1">Dunstan, Simon (2009). Israel's Lighting Strike, The raid on Entebbe 1976. <a href="Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>; Osprey Raid Series No. 2. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-84603-397-1</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHastings1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Max_Hastings" title="Max Hastings">Hastings, Max</a> (1979). Yoni: Hero of Entebbe. Doubleday. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-385-27127-1</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNetanyahu2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Iddo_Netanyahu" title="Iddo Netanyahu">Netanyahu, Iddo</a> (2001). Yoni's Last Battle: The Rescue at Entebbe, 1976. Gefen Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-965-229-283-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNetanyahu,_IdoNetanyahu,_ʻIdoNetanyahu,_IddoHazony,_Yoram2003" class="citation book cs1">Netanyahu, Ido; Netanyahu, ʻIdo; Netanyahu, Iddo; Hazony, Yoram (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/entebbejonathann0000neta">Entebbe: the Jonathan Netanyahu story: a defining moment in the war on terrorism</a>. Green Forest, AR: Balfour Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-89221-553-9</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNetanyahu,_JonathanNetanyahu,_BinyaminNetanyahu,_IdoWouk,_Herman1998" class="citation book cs1">Netanyahu, Jonathan; Netanyahu, Binyamin; Netanyahu, Ido; Wouk, Herman (1998). Self-Portrait of a Hero: From the Letters of Jonathan Netanyahu, 1963–1976. Warner Books Inc. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-446-67461-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNetanyahu2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Jonathan_Netanyahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Netanyahu">Netanyahu, Jonathan</a> (2001). The Letters of Jonathan Netanyahu: The Commander of the Entebbe Rescue Operation. Gefen Publishing House, Ltd. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-965-229-267-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSeftel2010" class="citation book cs1">Seftel, Adam, ed. (2010) [1st pub. 1994]. Uganda: The Bloodstained Pearl of Africa and Its Struggle for Peace. From the Pages of Drum. Kampala: Fountain Publishers. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-9970-02-036-2</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="William_Stevenson_(Canadian_writer)" title="William Stevenson (Canadian writer)">Stevenson, William</a> (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/90minutesatenteb00stev">90 Minutes at Entebbe</a>. New York: Bantam Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-553-10482-0</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRwehururu2002" class="citation book cs1">Rwehururu, Bernard (2002). Cross to the Gun. Kampala: Monitor. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50243051">50243051</a>.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Entebbe_Raid" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Entebbe Raid">Entebbe Raid</a>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csab-m6QuZk">Live or Die in Entebbe</a> Trailer</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4Bou72k2fY">Operation Thunderbolt</a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, video by National Geographic, 4 min.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1ct-meb6U0">Raid on Entebbe</a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> video and digitised re-enactment, 9 min.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffRQ6e29Dw0">Operation Thunderbolt – part 1</a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> video documentary – detailed, 9 min. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJU1VsgI_-I">part 2</a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> 10 min.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lemwyO054OI">The Greatest Hostage Rescue in History: Documentary on The Entebbe Raid.</a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> documentary – detailed, 44 min.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/11701064/Israels-raid-on-Entebbe-was-almost-a-disaster.html">Israel's raid on Entebbe was almost a disaster</a>, Daily Telegraph article by Saul David</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategyandtacticspress.com/library-files/ST232-Web.pdf">Entebbe: Turning Point of Terrorism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101540/http://www.strategyandtacticspress.com/library-files/ST232-Web.pdf">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Strategy and Tactics, No. 232, January/February 2006.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newssearch.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/4/newsid_2786000/2786967.stm">BBC Article and Videos – 4 July 1976: Israelis rescue Entebbe hostages (BBC)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5101412.stm">BBC: 30th anniversary of the raid on Entebbe</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/age_of_terror/7303356.stm">BBC Age of Terror – Episode 1: Terror International</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3980051,00.html">Operation Entebbe protocols</a> <a href="Ynetnews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynetnews">Ynetnews</a> 5 November 2010. transcripts of Israeli Cabinet discussions</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1976_(1976)378" style="white-space:nowrap;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1976_(1976)378" class="hlist vevent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">Aviation accidents and incidents</a> in 1976 (1976) </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;">

<div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jan 1</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Middle_East_Airlines_Flight_438" title="Middle East Airlines Flight 438">Middle East Airlines Flight 438</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jan 3</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Aeroflot_Flight_2003" title="Aeroflot Flight 2003">Aeroflot Flight 2003</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jan 15</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="1976_Taxi_Aereo_el_Venado_Douglas_DC-4_accident" title="1976 Taxi Aereo el Venado Douglas DC-4 accident">Taxi Aereo el Venado Douglas DC-4 accident</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 9</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Aeroflot_Flight_3739_(1976)" title="Aeroflot Flight 3739 (1976)">Aeroflot Flight 3739</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 6</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Aeroflot_Flight_909" title="Aeroflot Flight 909">Aeroflot Flight 909</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 5</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Alaska_Airlines_Flight_60" title="Alaska Airlines Flight 60">Alaska Airlines Flight 60</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 26</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Gubir_shootdown" title="Gubir shootdown">Gubir shootdown</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="American_Airlines_Flight_625" title="American Airlines Flight 625">American Airlines Flight 625</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">May 9</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Imperial_Iranian_Air_Force_Flight_48" title="Imperial Iranian Air Force Flight 48">Imperial Iranian Air Force Flight 48</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">May 15</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Aeroflot_Flight_1802" title="Aeroflot Flight 1802">Aeroflot Flight 1802</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">May 23</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Philippine_Airlines_Flight_116" title="Philippine Airlines Flight 116">Philippine Airlines Flight 116</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 1</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Aeroflot_Flight_418" title="Aeroflot Flight 418">Aeroflot Flight 418</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 4</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Air_Manila_Flight_702" title="Air Manila Flight 702">Air Manila Flight 702</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 6</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="1976_Sabah_Air_GAF_Nomad_crash" title="1976 Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash">Double Six Crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 28</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="%C4%8CSA_Flight_001" title="ČSA Flight 001">ČSA Flight 001</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 15</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="SAETA_Flight_011_(1976)" title="SAETA Flight 011 (1976)">SAETA Flight 011</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 23</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="EgyptAir_Flight_321" title="EgyptAir Flight 321">EgyptAir Flight 321</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 3</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="1976_Venezuelan_Air_Force_C-130_crash" title="1976 Venezuelan Air Force C-130 crash">Venezuelan Air Force C-130 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 9</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="1976_Anapa_mid-air_collision" title="1976 Anapa mid-air collision">Anapa mid-air collision</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 10</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="1976_Zagreb_mid-air_collision" title="1976 Zagreb mid-air collision">Zagreb mid-air collision</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 10</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="TWA_Flight_355" title="TWA Flight 355">TWA Flight 355</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 19</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Turkish_Airlines_Flight_452" title="Turkish Airlines Flight 452">Turkish Airlines Flight 452</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 6</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Flight_455" title="Cubana de Aviación Flight 455">Cubana de Aviación Flight 455</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 12</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Indian_Airlines_Flight_171" title="Indian Airlines Flight 171">Indian Airlines Flight 171</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 13</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="1976_Lloyd_A%C3%A9reo_Boliviano_Boeing_707_crash" title="1976 Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano Boeing 707 crash">Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano Boeing 707 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 23</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Olympic_Airways_Flight_830" title="Olympic Airways Flight 830">Olympic Airways Flight 830</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 28</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Aeroflot_Flight_2415" title="Aeroflot Flight 2415">Aeroflot Flight 2415</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 17</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="Aeroflot_Flight_N-36" title="Aeroflot Flight N-36">Aeroflot Flight N-36</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 25</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="EgyptAir_Flight_864" title="EgyptAir Flight 864">EgyptAir Flight 864</a></div></div>

</div>

</div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1975   ◄

►   1977</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prominent_terrorist_attacks_against_Israelis_in_the_history_of_the_Arab–Israeli_conflict_–_the_1970s1583" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prominent_terrorist_attacks_against_Israelis_in_the_history_of_the_Arab–Israeli_conflict_–_the_1970s1583" class="summary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prominent <a href="Terrorist_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist attacks">terrorist attacks</a> against <a href="Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a> in the history of the <a href="Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> – the <a href="1970s" title="1970s">1970s</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1970_Munich_bus_attack" title="1970 Munich bus attack">Munich bus attack</a> (February 10)</li>

<li><a href="Swissair_Flight_330" title="Swissair Flight 330">Swissair Flight 330 attack</a> (February 21)</li>

<li><a href="Avivim_school_bus_bombing" title="Avivim school bus bombing">Avivim school bus bombing</a> (May 22)</li>

<li><a href="Olympic_Airways_Flight_255_hijacking" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Airways Flight 255 hijacking">Olympic Airways Flight 255 hijacking</a> (July 22)</li>

<li><a href="Dawson's_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Dawson's Field hijackings</a> (September 6-13)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1971</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Murder_of_the_Aroyo_children" title="Murder of the Aroyo children">Murder of the Aroyo children</a> (January 2)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1972</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lufthansa_Flight_649" title="Lufthansa Flight 649">Lufthansa Flight 649</a> (February 22–23)</li>

<li><a href="Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> (May 8)</li>

<li><a href="Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a> (May 30)</li>

<li><a href="Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> (5–6 September)</li>

<li><a href="Killing_of_Ami_Shachori" title="Killing of Ami Shachori">Killing of Ami Shachori</a> (18 September)</li>

<li><a href="Lufthansa_Flight_615" title="Lufthansa Flight 615">Lufthansa Flight 615</a> (October 29)</li>

<li><a href="Bangkok_Israeli_embassy_hostage_crisis" title="Bangkok Israeli embassy hostage crisis">Bangkok hostage crisis</a> (December 28)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Yosef_Alon#Killing" title="Yosef Alon">Assassination of Yosef Alon</a> (July 1)</li>

<li><a href="Schoenau_ultimatum" title="Schoenau ultimatum">Schoenau ultimatum</a> (September 28–29)</li>

<li><a href="1973_Rome_airport_attacks_and_hijacking" title="1973 Rome airport attacks and hijacking">Rome airport attacks and hijacking</a> (December 17–18)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kiryat_Shmona_massacre" title="Kiryat Shmona massacre">Kiryat Shmona massacre</a> (April 11)</li>

<li><a href="Ma'alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a> (May 15)</li>

<li><a href="1974_Nahariya_attack" title="1974 Nahariya attack">Nahariya attack</a> (24–25 June)</li>

<li><a href="TWA_Flight_841_(1974)" title="TWA Flight 841 (1974)">TWA Flight 841</a> (September 8)</li>

<li><a href="1974_French_Embassy_attack_in_The_Hague#Paris_café_attack" title="1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague">Paris café attack</a> (September 15)</li>

<li><a href="1974_Beit_She'an_attack" title="1974 Beit She'an attack">Beit She'an attack</a> (November 19)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1975_Orly_Airport_attacks" title="1975 Orly Airport attacks">Orly Airport attacks</a> (January 13 and 19)</li>

<li><a href="Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a> (March 6)</li>

<li><a href="Kfar_Yuval_hostage_crisis" title="Kfar Yuval hostage crisis">Kfar Yuval hostage crisis</a> (June 15)</li>

<li><a href="Zion_Square_refrigerator_bombing" title="Zion Square refrigerator bombing">Zion Square refrigerator bombing</a> (July 4)</li>

<li><a href="Zion_Square_ice_cream_shop_bombing" title="Zion Square ice cream shop bombing">Zion Square ice cream shop bombing</a> (November 13)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hijacking">Air France Flight 139</a> (June 27)</li>

<li><a href="1976_Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_airport_attack" title="1976 Yeşilköy airport attack">Yeşilköy airport attack</a> (August 11)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1977</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lufthansa_Flight_181" title="Lufthansa Flight 181">Lufthansa Flight 181</a> (October 13–18)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1978</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a> (March 11) ‡</li>

<li><a href="1978_Orly_Airport_attack" title="1978 Orly Airport attack">Orly Airport attack</a> (May 20)</li>

<li><a href="1978_London_bus_attack" title="1978 London bus attack">London bus attack</a> (August 20)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1979_Ma'alot_attack" title="1979 Ma'alot attack">Ma'alot attack</a> (January 13) </li>

<li><a href="1979_Nahariya_attack" title="1979 Nahariya attack">Nahariya massacre</a> (April 22) </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>  Attacks launched from the <a href="West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>   Attacks launched from the <a href="Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>   Attacks launched from <a href="Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>   Attacks launched from <a href="Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> ‡ indicates the terrorist attack which caused the greatest amount of Israeli casualties during the 1970s <a href="List_of_projectile_attacks_from_Lebanon_on_Israel_and_the_Golan_Heights" title="List of projectile attacks from Lebanon on Israel and the Golan Heights">List of projectile attacks from Lebanon on Israel and the Golan Heights</a> 1960s 1980s</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prominent_Palestinian_militancy_attacks_in_the_1970s418" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prominent_Palestinian_militancy_attacks_in_the_1970s418" class="summary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prominent <a href="Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian militancy attacks</a> in the 1970s</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Within Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Avivim_school_bus_bombing" title="Avivim school bus bombing">Avivim school bus bombing</a>* (May 22, 1970)</li>

<li><a href="Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a> (May 30, 1972)</li>

<li><a href="Kiryat_Shmona_massacre" title="Kiryat Shmona massacre">Kiryat Shmona massacre</a>* (April 11, 1974)</li>

<li><a href="Ma'alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a>* (May 15, 1974)</li>

<li><a href="1974_Nahariya_attack" title="1974 Nahariya attack">Nahariya attack</a>* (June 24–25, 1974)</li>

<li><a href="1974_Beit_She'an_attack" title="1974 Beit She'an attack">Beit She'an attack</a> (November 19, 1974)</li>

<li><a href="Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a>* (March 6, 1975)</li>

<li><a href="Kfar_Yuval_hostage_crisis" title="Kfar Yuval hostage crisis">Kfar Yuval hostage crisis</a>* (June 15, 1975)</li>

<li><a href="Zion_Square_refrigerator_bombing" title="Zion Square refrigerator bombing">Zion Square refrigerator bombing</a> (July 4, 1975)</li>

<li><a href="Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a>* (March 11, 1978)</li>

<li><a href="1979_Nahariya_attack" title="1979 Nahariya attack">Nahariya massacre</a>* (April 22, 1979)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gaza Strip</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Murder_of_the_Aroyo_children" title="Murder of the Aroyo children">Murder of the Aroyo children</a> (January 2, 1971)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aircraft attacks and hijackings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Swissair_Flight_330" title="Swissair Flight 330">Swissair Flight 330</a> (February 21, 1970)</li>

<li><a href="Olympic_Airways_Flight_255_hijacking" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Airways Flight 255 hijacking">Olympic Airways Flight 255 hijacking</a> (July 22, 1970)</li>

<li><a href="Dawson's_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Dawson's Field hijackings</a> (September 6–13, 1970)</li>

<li><a href="Lufthansa_Flight_649" title="Lufthansa Flight 649">Lufthansa Flight 649</a> (February 22–23, 1972)</li>

<li><a href="Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> (May 8, 1972)</li>

<li><a href="Lufthansa_Flight_615" title="Lufthansa Flight 615">Lufthansa Flight 615</a> (October 29, 1972)</li>

<li><a href="1973_Rome_airport_attacks_and_hijacking" title="1973 Rome airport attacks and hijacking">Rome airport attacks and hijacking</a> (December 17–18, 1973)</li>

<li><a href="TWA_Flight_841_(1974)" title="TWA Flight 841 (1974)">TWA Flight 841</a> (September 8, 1974)</li>

<li><a href="Operation_Entebbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Air France Flight 139</a> (June 27, 1976)</li>

<li><a href="Lufthansa_Flight_181" title="Lufthansa Flight 181">Lufthansa Flight 181</a> (October 13–18, 1977)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> (September 5–6, 1972)</li>

<li><a href="1972_Israeli_Bangkok_Embassy_hostage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis">Israeli Bangkok embassy hostage crisis</a> (December 28, 1972)</li>

<li><a href="Yosef_Alon#Killing" title="Yosef Alon">Assassination of the Israeli attache in Washington</a> (July 1, 1973)</li>

<li><a href="Schoenau_ultimatum" title="Schoenau ultimatum">Schoenau ultimatum</a> (September 28–29, 1973)</li>

<li><a href="1974_French_Embassy_attack_in_The_Hague#Paris_café_attack" title="1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague">Paris café attack</a> (September 15, 1974)</li>

<li><a href="1975_Orly_Airport_attacks" title="1975 Orly Airport attacks">Orly Airport attacks</a> (January, 1975)</li>

<li><a href="OPEC_siege" title="OPEC siege">OPEC siege</a> (December 21, 1975)</li>

<li><a href="1976_Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_airport_attack" title="1976 Yeşilköy airport attack">Yeşilköy airport attack</a> (August 11, 1976)</li>

<li><a href="1978_Orly_Airport_attack" title="1978 Orly Airport attack">Orly Airport attack</a> (May 20, 1978)</li>

<li><a href="1978_London_bus_attack" title="1978 London bus attack">London bus attack</a> (August 20, 1978)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>* Attacks launched from Lebanon

1960s 1980s</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Air_France52" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Air_France52" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Accidents_and_incidents62" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Air_France_accidents_and_incidents" title="Air France accidents and incidents">Accidents and incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1934_Air_France_Wibault_282T_crash" title="1934 Air France Wibault 282T crash">1934 Wibault 282T crash</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_072" title="Air France Flight 072">Flight 072</a> (1948)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_009" title="Air France Flight 009">Flight 009</a> (1949)</li>

<li><a href="1950_Bahrain_Air_France_Douglas_DC-4_crashes" title="1950 Bahrain Air France Douglas DC-4 crashes">1950 Douglas DC-4 crashes</a></li>

<li><a href="1952_Air_France_SNCASE_Languedoc_crash" title="1952 Air France SNCASE Languedoc crash">1952 SNCASE Languedoc crash</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_178" title="Air France Flight 178">Flight 178</a> (1953)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_343" title="Air France Flight 343">Flight 343</a> (1960)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_406" title="Air France Flight 406">Flight 406</a> (1961)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_2005" title="Air France Flight 2005">Flight 2005</a> (1961)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_007" title="Air France Flight 007">Flight 007</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_117" title="Air France Flight 117">Flight 117</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_robbery" title="Air France robbery">Air France robbery</a> (1967)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_212_(1968)" title="Air France Flight 212 (1968)">Flight 212</a> (1968)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_1611" title="Air France Flight 1611">Flight 1611</a> (1968)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_212_(1969)" title="Air France Flight 212 (1969)">Flight 212</a> (1969)</li>

<li><a href="Operation_Entebbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Operation Entebbe</a> (1976)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_296Q" title="Air France Flight 296Q">Flight 296Q</a> (1988)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_8969" title="Air France Flight 8969">Flight 8969</a> (1994)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_422" title="Air France Flight 422">Flight 422</a> (1998)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_4590" title="Air France Flight 4590">Flight 4590</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="Brit_Air_Flight_5672" title="Brit Air Flight 5672">Flight 5672</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_358" title="Air France Flight 358">Flight 358</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_447" title="Air France Flight 447">Flight 447</a> (2009)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Flight_066" title="Air France Flight 066">Flight 066</a> (2017)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Gagey" title="Frédéric Gagey">Frédéric Gagey</a></li>

<li><a href="Max_Hymans" title="Max Hymans">Max Hymans</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean-Marc_Janaillac" title="Jean-Marc Janaillac">Jean-Marc Janaillac</a></li>

<li><a href="Benjamin_Smith_(Canadian_businessman)" title="Benjamin Smith (Canadian businessman)">Ben Smith</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_France%E2%80%93KLM" title="Air France–KLM">Air France–KLM</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_Corsica" title="Air Corsica">Air Corsica</a> (11.94%)</li>

<li><a href="Air_France_Hop" title="Air France Hop">Air France Hop</a></li>

<li><a href="Transavia_France" title="Transavia France">Transavia France</a> (60%) </li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Airlinair" title="Airlinair">Airlinair</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_Mauritius" title="Air Mauritius">Air Mauritius</a> (28%)</li>

<li><a href="Flandre_Air" title="Flandre Air">Flandre Air</a></li>

<li><a href="Proteus_Airlines" title="Proteus Airlines">Proteus Airlines</a></li>

<li><a href="R%C3%A9gional" title="Régional">Régional</a></li>

<li><a href="Regional_Airlines_(France)" title="Regional Airlines (France)">Regional Airlines</a></li>

<li><a href="Servair" title="Servair">Servair</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Merged into Air France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_Orient" title="Air Orient">Air Orient</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_Inter" title="Air Inter">Air Inter</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_Union" title="Air Union">Air Union</a></li>

<li><a href="A%C3%A9ropostale_(aviation)" title="Aéropostale (aviation)">Compagnie Générale Aéropostale</a></li>

<li><a href="CFRNA" title="CFRNA">Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne</a></li>

<li><a href="Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_Transports_A%C3%A9riens" title="Société Générale des Transports Aériens">Société Générale des Transports Aériens</a></li>

<li><a href="Transports_A%C3%A9riens_Intercontinentaux" title="Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux">Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux</a></li>

<li><a href="Union_A%C3%A9romaritime_de_Transport" title="Union Aéromaritime de Transport">Union Aéromaritime de Transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Union_de_Transports_A%C3%A9riens" title="Union de Transports Aériens">Union de Transports Aériens</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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